Leadership development for orthopaedic trauma surgeons in Latin America: opportunities for and barriers to skill acquisition.

Introduction: There is growing interest in leadership courses for physicians. Few opportunities are available in global regions with limited resources. This study describes orthopaedic trauma surgeons' desired leadership skill acquisition, opportunities, and barriers to course participation in Latin America.

Anatomic Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction Using Semitendinosus and Gracilis Autografts: Surgical Technique.

An anatomically based posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction has emerged as a viable and clinically effective surgical technique for midsubstance ligamentous injuries in both the acute and chronic settings. There are several surgical techniques for PLC reconstruction; however, the classic anatomic reconstruction technique (LaPrade technique) is now considered the gold standard and was originally described using an Achilles tendon allograft. In this article, we describe a modified LaPrade autograft technique, in which the same tunnel position, graft passage, and fixation are used to reproduce the 3 primary stabilizers of the PLC.

Influence of combined alpha, beta and gamma radionuclide contamination on the frequency of waxy-reversions in barley pollen.

The mutagenic effectiveness of chronic, combined alpha-, beta-, and gamma-irradiation caused by radionuclide contamination of the biogeocenosis was studied in comparison with chronic gamma-irradiation from an external 60Co source. The waxy-test on barley pollen proved to be sufficiently sensitive to evaluate the increase in waxy-reversion frequencies in plants exposed to a 3 mSv dose. A dose of 50-200 mSv from external irradiation was needed to double the mutation rate in barley pollen.

The role of lysosomes in the pathogenesis of unicameral bone cysts.

Unicameral bone cyst fluid possesses N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, PZ-peptidase, cathepsin D, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D galactosaminidase, and beta-galactosidase activities. The activities of lysosomal enzymes in the cyst fluid are, as a rule, higher than in the serum, whereas the total protein content is lower. The content of collagen degradation products in the cyst fluid is higher compared to the serum.