Placental Abruption: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.

Placental abruption is a complete or partial separation of the placenta from the uterine decidua. Clinical manifestations include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, uterine contractions, and abnormalities in the fetal heart rate tracing. Placental abruption occurs in 0.

Thoracic Aorta Measurement Extraction from Computed Tomography Radiology Reports Using Instruction Tuned Large Language Models.

Chest computed tomography (CT) is essential for diagnosing and monitoring thoracic aortic dilations and aneurysms, conditions that place patients at risk of complications such as aortic dissection and rupture. However, aortic measurements in chest CT radiology reports are often embedded in free-text formats, limiting their accessibility for clinical care, quality improvement and research purposes. In this study, we developed a multi-method pipeline to extract structured aortic measurements from radiology reports, and compared the performance of fine-tuned BERT-based models with instruction-tuned Llama large language models (LLMs).

Local Infrastructure and Economy Predicts Traffic Related Fatalities in Children.

Purpose: Previous research on pediatric motor vehicle collisions (MVC) and fatalities has primarily focused on patient demographics and crash specific information. This study evaluates whether various measures of local infrastructure, including the National Walk Index (NWI), population density, and public school density, or macroeconomic forces, encapsulated in Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and food area deprivation (PFA) can predict which counties are most at risk for pediatric traffic fatalities.

Methods: Counties with more than 100,000 children in the most recent US census and ≥1 pediatric traffic fatality as identified in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) between 2017 and 2021 were included in the study.

Risk factors and surgical outcomes in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease and ischemic colitis.

Introduction: This study investigates risk factors and surgical outcomes in pediatric patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) who develop ischemic colitis (IC). Previous research indicates a higher IC risk in very low birth weight neonates with CHD.

Methods: A retrospective analysis compared an IC-CHD group to a CHD-only group.