Neuromodulation of choice-induced preference changes: the tDCS study of cognitive dissonance.

Introduction: Difficult choices between two equally attractive options result in a cognitive discrepancy between dissonant cognitions such as preferences and actions often followed by a sense of psychological discomfort known as cognitive dissonance. It can lead to changes in the desirability of options: the chosen option becomes more desirable, whereas the rejected option is devalued. Despite the ample experimental evidence to show this effect, the neural mechanisms and timing of such choice-induced preference changes are not fully understood.

[Vertebral pain syndrome and quality of life in senior women with vertebral fractures depending on their quantity and localization.].

The features of vertebral pain (VP) and quality of life in postmenopausal women were analyzed depending on the number and location of vertebral fractures (VF). It was found that the intensity of pain in thoracic and lumbar spines, according to McGill pain index, was significantly higher in patients with two or more VF compared to women without any fractures, and absence of differences in subjects with a single VF. Most indices of 11-component Numerical Rating Scale at the thoracic spine were significantly higher only in females with two or more VF.

No evidence for an independent retinotopic reference frame for inhibition of return.

Inhibition of return (IOR) represents a delay in responding to a previously inspected location and is viewed as a crucial mechanism that sways attention toward novelty in visual search. Although most visual processing occurs in retinotopic, eye-centered, coordinates, IOR must be coded in spatiotopic, environmental, coordinates to successfully serve its role as a foraging facilitator. Early studies supported this suggestion but recent results have shown that both spatiotopic and retinotopic reference frames of IOR may co-exist.

[Experience of using genfaxon for treating patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the Russian Federation].

Unlabelled: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Nowadays some disease-modifying drugs (DMD) in the Russian Federation (RF) are biosimilars. Their full spectrum of tolerability and efficacy is to be determined.