Clustering of countries based on dairy productivity characteristics of Holstein cattle for breeding material selection.

Background And Aim: The aim of any breeding process is to create a herd based on certain parameters that reflect an ideal animal vision. Targeted herding involves selecting the source of breeding material to be imported from another country. Therefore, there is a problem in selecting a breeding material importer to rapidly form a uterine canopy with the required properties.

Assessment of the variability of reproductive abilities of a black and white cattle using genealogical data and paratypical factors.

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of paratypical and genetic factors in the variation of the complex of traits associated with the reproductive quality of livestock in the conditions of the CJSC breed livestock factory farm "Irmen" in a retrospective aspect. Black-and-White Irmenskiy interbreeds type breed was officially registered in 2000 by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation as a breeding achievement and is a unique cattle subpopulation, bred only at the Irmen breed livestock factory farm, in Western Siberia, (Russia). This type is the best in all of Western Siberia in terms of milk yield and appearance among annual competitions and official state assessments.

Selective constraints in cold-region wild boars may defuse the effects of small effective population size on molecular evolution of mitogenomes.

Spatial range expansion during population colonization is characterized by demographic events that may have significant effects on the efficiency of natural selection. Population genetics suggests that genetic drift brought by small effective population size () may undermine the efficiency of selection, leading to a faster accumulation of nonsynonymous mutations. However, it is still unknown whether this effect might be balanced or even reversed by strong selective constraints.