[The "restraint" controversy in geriatric psychiatry. Focus study of factors influencing restraint measures].

The study examines the relationship between frequency and duration of restraints in psychogeriatric inpatients with their respective diagnosis, medication, reason for restraints, and age as a socio-demographic variable. Entered in the analysis were data from 590 inpatients from a total of 29 institutions within the Federal Republic of Germany psychogeriatric facilities; this was 24.7% of all psychogeriatrically treated inpatients on the survey day in the said 29 institutions.

Measurement in psychogeriatrics.

Stake's concept of Responsive Evaluation is applied in evaluating the chain of psychogeriatric services of a general psychiatric hospital. Central to the approach presented are methodological considerations in describing individual treatment courses in their objective and subjective features. This can only be accomplished by establishing multidimensional strategies, incorporating biological, mental, psychological, and sociocultural aspects.

[Evaluation of day clinic treatment in geriatric psychiatry].

Experiences with day hospitals for elderly patients in various countries have led to differing views regarding specific indications for this particular treatment mode. In a series of investigations we tried to clarify the place of a day hospital for elderly patients which is an integrated part of a psychiatric hospital within the total of psychiatric care of the elderly. As a result we are able to demonstrate a spectrum of indications for psychogeriatric day hospital treatment far broader than mentioned in the majority of the relevant literature of the UK and the Netherlands e.