BMC Med Educ
October 2024
Background: Surgical volume is a surgical indicator that was described in the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) and the World Bank World Development Indicators as an important metric for tracking the delivery of surgical care.
Objectives: We aimed to characterize the reports on surgical volume (SV) in the existing literature by using a systematic review to assess studies that examine surgical procedures as a ratio of a population (procedures/100,000 population).
Methods: The PRISMA guideline was employed in the systematic review of articles that addressed the measurement of SV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with the primary outcome of surgical procedures/100,000 population.
High-efficiency endosomal escape of drug delivery nanocarriers for glutathione-based reduction-responsive drug release in cytoplasm can significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the loaded therapeutic drugs. In this report, we develop the polymer prodrug micelles self-assembled from the amphiphilic block copolymer prodrug, PEG--P(CPTM--ImOAMA), consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and copolymerized segments of disulfide bond-linked camptothecin methacrylate monomer (CPTM) and 1-(1H-imidazole-4-yl)-2-(octylamino)-2-oxoethyl methacrylate (ImOAMA). After cellular internalization through endocytosis, PEG--P(CPTM--ImOAMA) micelles are trapped in endosomes inside the tumor cells.
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