Sleeve Gastrectomy Preferentially Increases GDF15 Plasma Levels in Patients With Obesity but Without Metabolic Syndrome.

The mechanisms by which bariatric/metabolic surgery induces weight loss and the amelioration of obesity-associated complications are far from being fully elucidated. Variations in circulating hormones involved in the regulation of energy balance are usually considered to explain the effects of surgery beyond the restrictive mechanism. Recent studies have shown that gastric bypass modulates the plasma levels of GDF15, a molecule with anorectic action potentially contributing to the body weight reduction observed after surgery.

Bariatric surgery modulates plasma levels of antibodies against angiotensin II type 1 and endothelin 1 type A receptor in severe obesity.

Purpose: The contribution of endothelial-targeted autoantibodies against the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (anti-AT1R) and the anti-endothelin 1 type A receptor (anti-ETAR1) has been proposed in the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, no data have been reported yet in obesity. In this observational study we evaluated the relationship between anthropometric and metabolic parameters and anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR1 concentrations in a cohort of patients with severe obesity and associated comorbidities undergoing bariatric surgery.

Mitochondrial Ca signaling is a hallmark of specific adipose tissue-cancer crosstalk.

Obesity is associated with increased risk and worse prognosis of many tumours including those of the breast and of the esophagus. Adipokines released from the peritumoural adipose tissue promote the metastatic potential of cancer cells, suggesting the existence of a crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the surrounding tumour. Mitochondrial Ca signaling contributes to the progression of carcinoma of different origins.

The protease activated receptor 2 - CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta - SerpinB3 axis inhibition as a novel strategy for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Objective: The serine protease inhibitor SerpinB3 has been described as critical mediator of liver fibrosis and it has been recently proposed as an additional hepatokine involved in NASH development and insulin resistance. Protease Activated Receptor 2 has been identified as a novel regulator of hepatic metabolism. A targeted therapeutic strategy for NASH has been investigated, using 1-Piperidine Propionic Acid (1-PPA), since this compound has been recently proposed as both Protease Activated Receptor 2 and SerpinB3 inhibitor.

Obesity, the Adipose Organ and Cancer in Humans: Association or Causation?

Epidemiological observations, experimental studies and clinical data show that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing different types of cancer; however, proof of a cause-effect relationship that meets the causality criteria is still lacking. Several data suggest that the adipose organ could be the protagonist in this crosstalk. In particular, the adipose tissue (AT) alterations occurring in obesity parallel some tumour behaviours, such as their theoretically unlimited expandability, infiltration capacity, angiogenesis regulation, local and systemic inflammation and changes to the immunometabolism and secretome.