Feasibility of a snowball sampling survey to study active surveillance for thyroid microcarcinoma treatment among endocrinologists and surgeons of Brazil.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate if a sampling method using virtual networks is feasible to survey AS adoption among this "hard-to-reach" population of Brazilian doctors.

Methods: An online piloted 11-point structured survey questionnaire (designed using Googleforms®) probed the actual treatment patterns for adult patients with PTMCs, including treatment decision-making nonoperative options, was undertaken between 10 November and 30 November 2020. Participants were reached by the mobile phone Application (APP) and a snowball sampling strategy was used to recruit a total of 4783 members (maximum number of potential reach), which is the total of doctors of the all 21 social media WhatsApp® groups.

Sonography of the distal femoral epiphysis in the etiological diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism.

The etiology of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is often difficult to identify, owing mainly to limitations in currently available diagnostic tests. Characteristics of the distal femoral epiphyseal (DFE) ossification center may provide important information and help identify some causes of CH. We analyzed the contribution of DFE ultrasonography in the investigation of 11 young infants with positive screening for CH.

Thyroid Nodules in Severely Obese Patients: Frequency and Risk of Malignancy on Ultrasonography.

: We aimed to compare the thyroid ultrasonographic findings of severely obese nonobese individuals, and the frequency, characteristics, and risk of malignancy in detected nodules.: Case-control study including 67 adults with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35 kg/m) and 67 nonobese controls (BMI < 30 kg/m). The participants underwent ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid and cervical subcutaneous tissue.

Sonographic evaluation of the thyroid size in neonates.

Purpose: To validate the use of the ratio between the total transverse diameters of the thyroid lobes (Th) and the width of the trachea (Tr)-the Th:Tr or Yasumoto ratio-as a sonographic method for estimating thyroid size, and to determine reference values for this ratio and for thyroid volume in neonates.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated thyroid size according to the Yasumoto ratio and the thyroid volume calculated with the ellipsoid formula in 125 healthy, euthyroid, iodine-sufficient, full-term neonates.

Results: The mean thyroid gland volume was 1.

Impact of nutritional iodine optimization on rates of thyroid hypoechogenicity and autoimmune thyroiditis: a cross-sectional, comparative study.

Background: Since several countries have established mandatory food iodine fortification, there has been a decrease in rates of iodine deficiency disorders in parallel with an increase in prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases. This study compared the nutritional iodine status and the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid hypoechogenicity on ultrasound in schoolchildren in São Paulo (Brazil) in two distinct periods of time in which fortified salt had different concentrations of iodine.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating 206 children aged 7-14 years and without a history of thyroid disease.