Improved ventilation and decreased sympathetic stress in chronic heart failure patients following local endurance training with leg muscles.

Background: Two-legged knee extensor training activates only about half the muscle mass used in traditional cycle ergometer training. With such an exercise model it is possible to achieve a substantial local training effect in spite of a restricted circulatory capacity. The present study sought to investigate the systemic effects of such local training on ventilation and neurohumoral activity in patients with moderate heart failure.

Capsaicin-sensitive tachykinin-like immunoreactivity in the thymus of rats and guinea-pigs.

Capsaicin-sensitive, substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) has been detected recently in rat thymus. Other tachykinins are frequently present with SP. In the present study, tachykinin-like immunoreactivity (TK-LI) was measured in guinea-pig, rat, mouse and hamster thymus with the amount detectable being greatest in guinea-pig, less in rat and least in mouse; it was not detectable in hamsters.

Release of NPY in pig pancreas: dual parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation.

Several lines of evidence have connected neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-residue polypeptide, to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. We studied the localization, the molecular characteristics, and the release of NPY and norepinephrine (NE) in the porcine pancreas. Immunohistochemical investigations revealed that NPY nerves around blood vessels were likely to be of adrenergic nature, whereas NPY-immunoreactive fibers close to exocrine and endocrine cells may originate from local ganglia also containing VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) and PHI (peptide histidine isoleucine).

Release of multiple tachykinins from capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in the lung by bradykinin, histamine, dimethylphenyl piperazinium, and vagal nerve stimulation.

Recent evidence suggests that activation of airway C-fibers, besides causing afferent transmission, also causes release of transmitters from peripheral endings, probably via local axon reflexes, resulting in effects on vascular and bronchial smooth muscle, i.e., vasodilatation, increase in vascular permeability, and bronchoconstriction.

Carcinoid heart disease: relationship of circulating vasoactive substances to ultrasound-detectable cardiac abnormalities.

Cardiac ultrasound investigation of 68 prospectively studied patients with histologically proven midgut carcinoid tumors showed right heart disease in 66%. The abnormal findings included morphologic and functional aberrations of the tricuspid valve in 52% and 83%, respectively, right atrial and ventricular enlargement in 53% and 30%, and paradoxical systolic septal contractions in 19%. The patients with the most pronounced right heart disease had significantly higher (p less than .