Iodine(I) and Silver(I) Complexes of Benzoimidazole and Pyridylcarbazole Derivatives.

The synthesis of iodine(I) complexes with either benzoimidazole or carbazole-derived sp N-containing Lewis bases is described, as well as their corresponding silver(I) complexes. The addition of elemental iodine to the linear two-coordinate Ag(I) complexes produces iodine(I) complexes with a three-center four-electron (3c-4e) [N-I-N] bond. The H and H- N HMBC NMR studies unambiguously confirm the formation of the complexes in all cases via the [N-Ag-N] →[N-I-N] cation exchange, with the N NMR chemical shift change between 94 to 111 ppm when compared to the free ligand.

Local heroes beat national champions: quality improvement in Finnish health care.

Unlabelled: FINNISH HEALTH CARE: Although health care services in Finland are organized uniformly throughout the country, they, along with the application of total quality management (TQM)/continuous quality improvement (CQI), are the responsibility of municipalities. CASE 1: At the Helsinki City Health Organization, top management launched an organizationwide quality improvement (QI) initiative in 1993, entailing 150 CQI projects. Yet top and middle managers were not sufficiently dedicated to the initiative to provide adequate support to many of the quality projects.