Photocatalyzed Dehydration of 1-Aryl-1,2-Ethanediols to Methyl Ketones Driven by Eosin Y Fragmentation Products.

Herein, we report a mild photocatalytic redox-neutral dehydration of aryl-1,2-ethanediols forming the respective methyl ketones. In the proposed mechanistic cycle an initial hydrogen atom abstraction (HAT) is followed by a 1,2-spin center shift (SCS) as key steps. Interestingly, Eosin Y was found to act as a pre-catalyst dissociating into a catalytically active mixture under irradiation.

Molecular Complexes Featuring Unsupported Dispersion-Enhanced Aluminum-Copper and Gallium-Copper Bonds.

The reaction of the copper(I) β-diketiminate copper complex {(Cu(BDI))(μ-CH)} (BDI = ,'-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pentane-2,4-diiminate) with the low-valent group 13 metal β-diketiminates M(BDI) (M = Al or Ga; BDI = ,'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)pentane-2,4-diiminate) in toluene afforded the complexes {(BDI)CuAl(BDI)} and {(BDI)CuGa(BDI)}. These feature unsupported copper-aluminum or copper-gallium bonds with short metal-metal distances, Cu-Al = 2.3010(6) Å and Cu-Ga = 2.

Extended Pharmacokinetic Model of the Rabbit Eye for Intravitreal and Intracameral Injections of Macromolecules: Quantitative Analysis of Anterior and Posterior Elimination Pathways.

Purpose: To extend the physiological features of the anatomically accurate model of the rabbit eye for intravitreal (IVT) and intracameral (IC) injections of macromolecules.

Methods: The computational fluid dynamic model of the rabbit eye by Missel (2012) was extended by enhancing the mixing in the anterior chamber with thermal gradient, heat transfer and gravity, and studying its effect on IC injections of hyaluronic acids. In IVT injections of FITC-dextrans (MW 10-157 kDa) the diffusion though retina was defined based on published in vitro data.

Different effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on PDGF induction and chronic allograft injury: evidence for improved kidney graft outcome.

Introduction: Chronic allograft injury is the most frequent cause of long-term kidney allograft loss. Cyclosporine (CsA) nephrotoxicity is an important factor contributing to graft loss. Increased fibrosis has been reported in renal transplants under CsA as compared with tacrolimus (Tac).

Clinical predictors of renal allograft histopathology: a comparative study of single-lesion histology versus a composite, quantitative scoring system.

Background: Progressive injury that is refractory to conventional immunosuppression remains the major hurdle to indefinite survival of transplanted organs. Several clinical risk factors of chronic renal allograft rejection have been identified; although some (e.g.