[Epidemiology and prevention of anaphylactoid reactions in heart surgery patients].

A retrospective analysis of the incidence, severity, and causes of anaphylactoid reactions (AR) in 1504 cardiosurgical patients operated on at Research Center of Surgery in 1995-1999 showed that AR occurred in 109 (7.4%) patients: 60% during aortocoronary bypass operations, 27.2% during correction of acquired heart diseases, and 12.

[The effect of current methods of induction anesthesia on the systolic and diastolic functions of the left and right heart in patients with ischemic heart disease].

Perioperative echocardiography and right ventricular volumic monitoring were used for more essential evaluation of different hypnotics in cardiosurgical patients. Our comparative study has shown that all the examined hypnotics induced no changes in systolic function of the left ventricle. Midazolam and propofol exerted minor depressive influence only on diastolic left ventricular function without significant fall of cardiac output.

[Oxygen transport function of blood in open heart surgery].

Complex intraoperative analysis of oxygen transporting function was performed in two groups of cardiosurgical patients operated on under ataralgesia (74 patients) and total intravenous anesthesia (49 patients). Heart performance, oxygen delivery (DO2) and O2 consumption (VO2) were the basic parameters reflecting O2 homeostasis at all stages of surgery. A decline in the cardiac output which is most frequent immediately before the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass procedure leads to the disturbances in DO2.

[Disorders of the oxygenating function of the lungs during open-heart surgery].

A retrospective analysis of arterial blood oxygenation during open-heart surgery in 463 patients revealed pulmonary oxygenation disorders in 23% prior to perfusion and in 49% in the post-perfusion period. The basic mechanism underlying the fall in arterial blood oxygenation is the increasing venous admixture in the lungs. A growth in the venous admixture in the post-perfusion period is brought about by a decreased total ventilation/perfusion ratio, increased alveolar shunting, and impaired diffusion.