Wide Cytokine Analysis in Cerebrospinal Fluid at Diagnosis Identified CCL-3 as a Possible Prognostic Factor for Multiple Sclerosis.

Apart from IgG oligoclonal bands, no other biomarker has, to date, been validated for diagnostic and/or prognostic purposes in multiple sclerosis (MS). To investigate a wide panel of cytokines and chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and evaluate their association with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, as well as their predictive clinical value. Fifty-one RRMS at clinical onset and 17 other not inflammatory neurological disorders (ONINDs) underwent brain MRI (including 3D-T1, 3D-FLAIR, and 3-DIR sequences) and CSF examination.

Multiple Sclerosis Incidence and Prevalence Trends in the Province of Padua, Northeast Italy, 1965-2018.

Background: Previous studies, dating back to the 1960s disclosed a progressive increase in multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence and prevalence in the Province of Padua. To further analyze whether this trend is the effect of the improved diagnostic procedures or is primarily related to a real increase risk of MS, we analyzed MS incidence and prevalence of the 5-year period 2011-2015.

Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of MS or clinically isolated syndrome highly suggestive of MS were included in the study.

NEDA-3 status including cortical lesions in the comparative evaluation of natalizumab fingolimod efficacy in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cortical lesions (CLs) are typical of multiple sclerosis (MS) and have been recently incorporated in MS diagnostic criteria. Thus, the 'no evidence of disease activity' (NEDA) definition should now include CLs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the NEDA3 + CL status in natalizumab- or fingolimod-treated relapsing remitting MS (RMS) patients.

Intrathecal K free light chain synthesis in multiple sclerosis at clinical onset associates with local IgG production and improves the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid examination.

Background: The pathological significance and the diagnostic usefulness of intrathecal κ and λ free light chain (FLC) synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are debated.

Methods: Paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum specimens from 70 relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), 40 with and 30 without CSF restricted IgG Oligoclonal Band (IgGOB), and 37 from healthy controls (HC) were analyzed. IgG, IgM, κFLC and λFLC concentrations and indexes were evaluated.

Peripheral imbalanced TFH/TFR ratio correlates with intrathecal IgG synthesis in multiple sclerosis at clinical onset.

Background: Alteration of T-follicular helper (TFH) and regulatory (TFR) subpopulations may contribute to the development of auto-reactive B-cell.

Objective: To investigate whether changes in TFH and TFR subsets are associated with abnormal IgG synthesis in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: Paired blood and CSF samples were obtained from 31 untreated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients at diagnosis.