Relationship between back muscle endurance and voluntary activation.

There is some evidence that the Biering-Sorensen endurance test can discriminate low back pain sufferers from healthy individuals and can predict future back pain. This test relies on the subject's ability to voluntarily drive the back muscles. This neural drive, termed voluntary activation (VA) can be measured using the twitch interpolation technique.

The impact of carboxy nitroxide antioxidants on irradiated ataxia telangiectasia cells.

Three water-soluble carboxy nitroxide antioxidants, 5-carboxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl, 4-carboxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl, and 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-yloxyl, show significant impact on the postirradiation survival rates of ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) cells compared to normal cells, an assay which represents a model for understanding the impact of ROS damage on the A-T phenotype. The effects of these antioxidants are much more significant than those of vitamin E or Trolox (a water-soluble vitamin E analog), studied using the same cell survival model.