Long-term treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome-associated cerebral arterial thromboses with intravenous immunoglobulin: a case report.

We report a now 13-year-old male with trisomy 21, hypothyroidism, and insulin-dependent diabetes who developed acute hemiplegia due to the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) at age four. The risks of long-term anticoagulation were initially considered to be high; hence, he was treated with monthly infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) at 2 g/kg for 2 years and then every other month for 7 years. Antiphospholipid antibodies were no longer detectable within 6 months and have continued to be negative.

Sonography of hip dysplasia.

Early diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is important to institute appropriate treatment and reduce the incidence of long-term complications. Risk factors for DDH include genetic, developmental, mechanical, and physiologic factors. Physical examination using Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers is standard for early detection.