Debye-Waller effects in Bethe-Salpeter calculations: Bridging the gap between XANES and EXAFS.

We present a method to incorporate Debye-Waller effects on core-excitation spectra within frameworks other than real-space, multiple-scattering formulations. The method draws ideas used in multiple-scattering theory to realize effects of variations in interatomic distances, and the method accomplishes this without benefit of the atom-by-atom nature in which multiple-scattering calculations are formulated. We test the method in four metals and one semiconductor over a range of temperatures and compare all theoretical results to experiment.

Mental Skills for Orthopaedic Surgery.

Orthopaedic surgery training focuses primarily on the knowledge base and surgical techniques that comprise the fundamental and physical pillars of performance. It also pays much less attention to the mental pillar of performance than does the training of other specialists such as aviators, elite athletes, musicians, and Special Forces operators. However, mental skills optimize the ability to achieve the ideal state during surgery that includes absolute focus with the right amount of confidence and stress.

Attitudes and perceptions about COVID-19 vaccination in the population with chronic HIV infection: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected population has been increasing during the last 3 years worldwide. Moreover, simultaneously, COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials were launched. By the end of 2020, the Food and Drug Administration had authorized the emergency use of two messenger RNA vaccines against COVID-19.

The Surgical Instrument Sterilization Process: What Every Surgeon Should Know.

» The phases of the sterilization process for surgical equipment are cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization.» Following manufacturer and regulatory guidelines will minimize contamination throughout the sterilization process.» Immediate use steam sterilization, when used appropriately, is a reasonably safe option to be used at the discretion of the operating surgeon.