Experiences of blind children caregivers.

Background: Teachers, parents and foundations should become objective-oriented for children with visual impairment so that learning and sensitization of necessary knowledge and skills for the behaviors of these children are assisted. Where there is impairment in the relations of children caregivers, their emotional security is disturbed and its effects will appear in their behaviors. Therefore, strong dependence on parents, teachers and other adults is the characteristics of most of the children with physical problems including blind children.

Reviewing the effect of reflexology on the pain and certain features and outcomes of the labor on the primiparous women.

Background: Reflexology is one of the non-pharmacological pain relief methods, and since it is a non-invasive, inexpensive and applicable technique, it can be used by a skilled and trained midwife. This study aimed to review the effect of reflexology on the pain and outcomes of the labor.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 88 primiparous mothers referred to selected hospitals of Isfahan for vaginal delivery were selected using simple random sampling method and then randomized in two groups.

Evaluation of the SQA IIB: a new version of a sperm quality analyzer.

Objective: To evaluate the SQA IIB (Sperm Quality Analyzer; MES-Medical Electronic Systems, Migdal Haemek, Israel), sperm analyzer that claims to read the three main sperm indices through algorithmic means and without a microscope.

Design: Controlled laboratory study comparing two methods of sperm analysis.

Setting: Academic environment.

Evaluating the accuracy of different sperm counting chambers by performing strict counts of photographed beads.

Purpose: To suggest a method for evaluating the accuracy of different kinds of sperm counting chambers by eliminating errors concerned with human skills or semen properties. In this method, various concentrations were prepared from stocks of commercially available latex beads (Accu-beads, Hamilton-Thorn Research, Beverly, MA). Samples from identical preparations were loaded into different types of chambers, namely, hemocytometer (Neubauer, improved double, Superior Ltd, Germany), Makler (Sefi Medical Instruments, Haifa, Israel) and Horwell (Horwell Ltd, London, UK).