A Comparison of Spatiotemporal Visualizations for 3D Urban Analytics.

Recent technological innovations have led to an increase in the availability of 3D urban data, such as shadow, noise, solar potential, and earthquake simulations. These spatiotemporal datasets create opportunities for new visualizations to engage experts from different domains to study the dynamic behavior of urban spaces in this under explored dimension. However, designing 3D spatiotemporal urban visualizations is challenging, as it requires visual strategies to support analysis of time-varying data referent to the city geometry.

Design-Based Comparison of Spine Surgery Simulators: Optimizing Educational Features of Surgical Simulators.

Background: Simulation-based education has made its entry into surgical residency training, particularly as an adjunct to hands-on clinical experience. However, one of the ongoing challenges to wide adoption is the capacity of simulators to incorporate educational features required for effective learning. The aim of this study was to identify strengths and limitations of spine simulators to characterize design elements that are essential in enhancing resident education.

Systematic Review of Patient-Specific Surgical Simulation: Toward Advancing Medical Education.

Objective: Simulation-based education has been shown to be an effective tool to teach foundational technical skills in various surgical specialties. However, most of the current simulations are limited to generic scenarios and do not allow continuation of the learning curve beyond basic technical skills to prepare for more advanced expertise, such as patient-specific surgical planning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current medical literature with respect to the utilization and educational value of patient-specific simulations for surgical training.

Resonant light trapping in ultrathin films for water splitting.

Semiconductor photoelectrodes for solar hydrogen production by water photoelectrolysis must employ stable, non-toxic, abundant and inexpensive visible-light absorbers. Iron oxide (α-Fe(2)O(3)) is one of few materials meeting these requirements, but its poor transport properties present challenges for efficient charge-carrier generation, separation, collection and injection. Here we show that these challenges can be addressed by means of resonant light trapping in ultrathin films designed as optical cavities.

Acid-etched and erbium:yttrium aluminium garnet laser-treated enamel for fissure sealants: a comparison of microleakage.

Objectives: A pilot study aimed to compare the microleakage of pit and fissure sealants in acid-etched and Erbium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Er:YAG)-treated enamel.

Methods: Forty permanent noncarious young molars and premolars, which were extracted for orthodontic reasons, were selected. The teeth were divided into four groups, with five molars and five premolars in each group.