planktonic but not biofilm environment induces an IFN-β macrophage immune response via the STING/IRF3 pathway.

Chronic implant-related bone infections are a severe complication in orthopaedic surgery. Biofilm formation on the implant impairs the immune response, leading to bacterial persistence. In a previous study, we found that (SA) induced interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation and expression only in its planktonic form but not in the biofilm.

Staphylococci planktonic and biofilm environments differentially affect osteoclast formation.

Introduction: The pathophysiology of chronic implant-related bone infections is characterized by an increase in osteoclast numbers and enhanced bone resorption. Biofilms are a major reason for chronicity of such infections as the biofilm matrix protects bacteria against antibiotics and impairs the function of immune cells. Macrophages are osteoclast precursor cells and therefore linked to inflammation and bone destruction.

Bacterial and Metabolic Factors of Staphylococcal Planktonic and Biofilm Environments Differentially Regulate Macrophage Immune Activation.

Biofilm formation is a leading cause for chronic implant-related bone infections as biofilms shield bacteria against the immune system and antibiotics. Additionally, biofilms generate a metabolic microenvironment that shifts the immune response towards tolerance. Here, we compared the impact of the metabolite profile of bacterial environments on macrophage immune activation using Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and epidermidis (SE) conditioned media (CM) of planktonic and biofilm cultures.

Risk Indicators and Treatment Needs of Children 2-5 Years of Age Receiving Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia in Saskatchewan.

Background: When compared to national averages in Canada, Saskatchewan has one of the highest rates of dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) and average costs per child. Thus, the purpose of this cross-sectional study is to explore the risk indicators and treatment needs of children receiving dental treatment under GA in Saskatchewan.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited caregivers of children between 24 and 71 months of age in Saskatoon, Canada.

Chronic Implant-Related Bone Infections-Can Immune Modulation be a Therapeutic Strategy?

Chronic implant-related bone infections are a major problem in orthopedic and trauma-related surgery with severe consequences for the affected patients. As antibiotic resistance increases in general and because most antibiotics have poor effectiveness against biofilm-embedded bacteria in particular, there is a need for alternative and innovative treatment approaches. Recently, the immune system has moved into focus as the key player in infection defense and bone homeostasis, and the targeted modulation of the host response is becoming an emerging field of interest.