Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Status Quo of Implementation in Europe.

Objectives: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal care pathway to enhance recovery after surgery that is well established in various surgical disciplines. In pediatric cardiac surgery, implementation of ERAS protocols remains inconsistent. We conducted a survey of active European pediatric cardiac surgical centers to assess the current state of ERAS concepts and the current practice in perioperative pediatric cardiac care.

Coral photosymbiosis on Mid-Devonian reefs.

The ability of stony corals to thrive in the oligotrophic (low-nutrient, low-productivity) surface waters of the tropical ocean is commonly attributed to their symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellates. The evolutionary history of this symbiosis might clarify its organismal and environmental roles, but its prevalence through time, and across taxa, morphologies and oceanic settings, is currently unclear. Here we report measurements of the nitrogen isotope (N/N) ratio of coral-bound organic matter (CB-δN) in samples from Mid-Devonian reefs (Givetian, around 385 million years ago), which represent a constraint on the evolution of coral photosymbiosis.

Impact of the mother's voice on sedation need and stress during cardiologic examination of children (SMUSS study): a prospective, interventional, randomised, controlled, monocentric study.

Introduction: Cardiac catheterisation is crucial for diagnosing and treating paediatric heart diseases, but it is poorly tolerated by small children, infants, and newborns without sedation. This study investigated whether maternal voice during sedation could lower stress and pain in children undergoing cardiac catheterisation and also assessed mothers' stress levels before and after the procedure.

Methods: This was a prospective, monocentric, randomised, controlled interventional study at the University Hospital Bonn.

An overview of statistical methods for biomarkers relevant to early clinical development of cancer immunotherapies.

Over the last decade, a new paradigm for cancer therapies has emerged which leverages the immune system to act against the tumor. The novel mechanism of action of these immunotherapies has also introduced new challenges to drug development. Biomarkers play a key role in several areas of early clinical development of immunotherapies including the demonstration of mechanism of action, dose finding and dose optimization, mitigation and prevention of adverse reactions, and patient enrichment and indication prioritization.