DNA demethylation and hypermethylation are both required for late nodule development in Medicago.

Plant epigenetic regulations are involved in transposable element silencing, developmental processes and responses to the environment. They often involve modifications of DNA methylation, particularly through the DEMETER (DME) demethylase family and RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM). Root nodules host rhizobia that can fix atmospheric nitrogen for the plant's benefit in nitrogen-poor soils.

Lipid exchanges drove the evolution of mutualism during plant terrestrialization.

Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improves plant nutrition in most land plants, and its contribution to the colonization of land by plants has been hypothesized. Here, we identify a conserved transcriptomic response to AMF among land plants, including the activation of lipid metabolism. Using gain of function, we show the transfer of lipids from the liverwort to AMF and its direct regulation by the transcription factor WRINKLED (WRI).

Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 Nodulation of Aeschynomene afraspera Is Associated with Atypical Terminal Bacteroid Differentiation and Suboptimal Symbiotic Efficiency.

Legume plants can form root organs called nodules where they house intracellular symbiotic rhizobium bacteria. Within nodule cells, rhizobia differentiate into bacteroids, which fix nitrogen for the benefit of the plant. Depending on the combination of host plants and rhizobial strains, the output of rhizobium-legume interactions varies from nonfixing associations to symbioses that are highly beneficial for the plant.

Author Correction: Genome assembly and annotation of Meloidogyne enterolobii, an emerging parthenogenetic root-knot nematode.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00747-0.

Genome assembly and annotation of Meloidogyne enterolobii, an emerging parthenogenetic root-knot nematode.

Root-knot nematodes (genus Meloidogyne) are plant parasites causing huge economic loss in the agricultural industry and affecting severely numerous developing countries. Control methods against these plant pests are sparse, the preferred one being the deployment of plant cultivars bearing resistance genes against Meloidogyne species. However, M.