Evaluating the implementation of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) gateway for the Basic Healthcare Provision Fund (BHCPF) across six Northern states in Nigeria.

Background: This evaluation research utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the implementation of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) gateway of the Basic Health Care Provision Fund (BHCPF) across six states in Northern Nigeria: Bauchi, Borno, Kaduna, Kano, Sokoto, and Yobe.

Methods: This was a mixed-method research that utilized longitudinal surveys and Key informant interviews to gather information about the implementation status of the BHCPF-NPHCDA gateway. Checklists were developed based on the BHCPF's national guidelines to gather quantitative data, while simple open-ended questionnaires were used to collect qualitative data from the state BHCPF Program Implementation Unit (PIU) focal persons as key informants.

Wastewater Surveillance for Poliovirus in Selected Jurisdictions, United States, 2022-2023.

Wastewater testing can inform public health action as a component of polio outbreak response. During 2022-2023, a total of 7 US jurisdictions (5 states and 2 cities) participated in prospective or retrospective testing of wastewater for poliovirus after a paralytic polio case was identified in New York state. Two distinct vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 viruses were detected in wastewater from New York state and New York City during 2022, representing 2 separate importation events.

UT-1 Transporter Expression in the Spiny Dogfish (): UT-1 Protein Shows a Different Localization in Comparison to That of Other Sharks.

The original UT-1 transporter gene was initially identified in the spiny dogfish (), but localization of the UT-1 protein was not determined. Subsequent UT-1 expression was shown to localize to the collecting tubule (CT) of the shark nephron in other shark species, with expression in a closely related chimaera species also located additionally at a lower level in the intermediate-I segment (IS-I) of the nephron. In spiny dogfish, two UT-1 splice variants are known (UT-1 long and short), and there was also a second UT-1 gene described (here termed Brain UT).

Surveillance strategies for the detection of new pathogen variants across epidemiological contexts.

Surveillance systems that monitor pathogen genome sequences are critical for rapidly detecting the introduction and emergence of pathogen variants. To evaluate how interactions between surveillance capacity, variant properties, and the epidemiological context influence the timeliness of pathogen variant detection, we developed a geographically explicit stochastic compartmental model to simulate the transmission of a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant in New York City. We measured the impact of (1) testing and sequencing volume, (2) geographic targeting of testing, (3) the timing and location of variant emergence, and (4) the relative variant transmissibility on detection speed and on the undetected disease burden.

The Use of Wastewater Surveillance to Estimate SARS-CoV-2 Fecal Viral Shedding Pattern and Identify Time Periods with Intensified Transmission.

Background: Wastewater-based surveillance is an important tool for monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it remains challenging to translate wastewater SARS-CoV-2 viral load to infection number, due to unclear shedding patterns in wastewater and potential differences between variants.

Objectives: We utilized comprehensive wastewater surveillance data and estimates of infection prevalence (i.