Arachnoid Granulation Causing Unilateral Pulsatile Tinnitus Treated With Dural Venous Sinus Stenting.

Background: Large arachnoid granulations that protrude into dural venous sinuses and partially obstruct outflow are an underappreciated etiology of pulsatile tinnitus (PT). Endovascular dural venous sinus stenting is thought to diminish turbulent venous outflow and may relieve obstruction caused by arachnoid granulations.

Methods: Four patients at two institutions were evaluated for unilateral PT.

Posterior cerebral artery infarction associated with carotid dissection.

Unlabelled: Posterior circulation stroke may rarely be associated with occlusive disease in the anterior circulation, such as in the context of a direct (fetal) origin of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) from the internal carotid artery (ICA), or in the presence of a persistent trigeminal artery. Carotid dissection is an increasingly recognized cause of anterior circulation ischemia. It is possible that in the setting of certain cerebral hemodynamics, embolism from carotid dissection could cause PCA infarction via a patent posterior communicating artery.

Pediatric cervical spine: normal anatomy, variants, and trauma.

Emergency radiologic evaluation of the pediatric cervical spine can be challenging because of the confusing appearance of synchondroses, normal anatomic variants, and injuries that are unique to children. Cervical spine injuries in children are usually seen in the upper cervical region owing to the unique biomechanics and anatomy of the pediatric cervical spine. Knowledge of the normal embryologic development and anatomy of the cervical spine is important to avoid mistaking synchondroses for fractures in the setting of trauma.

Rapid neurological deterioration associated with minor head trauma in chronic hydrocephalus.

Case Report: An 8-year-old developmentally normal boy (status: post third ventriculostomy and resection of posterior fossa low-grade glioma 4 years earlier and with known history of ventriculomegaly/arrested hydrocephalus) presented to the emergency room with vomiting and lethargy after a minor head trauma. Computed tomography scan of the head revealed no acute changes since previous studies. However, the patient's neurological status rapidly declined in the emergency room, where an emergency ventriculostomy demonstrated increased intracranial pressure.