Comparing adolescent glomerular disease clinical outcomes to the clinical outcomes in childhood, young adult, and adult-onset glomerular disease in the CureGN database.

Background: There is a lack of evidence to suggest that outcomes of adolescent and adult-onset glomerular disease differ. Still, most glomerular disease trials include adults but exclude adolescents.

Methods: We designed a retrospective study using the CureGN database to compare individuals with adolescent-onset glomerular disease relative to individuals with older and younger age at onset.

Developing an Edema Clinician-Reported Outcome Measure for Nephrotic Syndrome.

Introduction: Edema is a common manifestation of proteinuric kidney diseases, but there is no consensus approach for reliably evaluating edema. The objective of this study was to develop an edema clinician-reported outcome measure for use in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Methods: A literature review was conducted to assess existing clinician-rated measures of edema.

Accuracy of Ultrasound Scans as Compared to Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules.

Introduction: Thyroid nodules (TNs) are among the more common findings on physical examinations. Due to the fear of the TN harboring malignancy and with the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer, ultrasound (US) scanning is used as an important diagnostic tool in the assessment of a TN. The American College of Radiology's Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) was established based on specific patterns composed of two or more features.

Photon-shot-noise-limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL.

Femtosecond transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here, a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL) is presented. It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity.

Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL.

The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented.