Genome of root celery and population genomic analysis reveal the complex breeding history of celery.

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is an important vegetable crop in the Apiaceae family. It comprises three botanical varieties: common celery with solid and succulent petioles, celeriac or root celery with enlarged and fleshy hypocotyls and smallage or leaf celery with slender, leafy and usually hollow petioles.

Desorption of pharmaceutical hydrochlorides from transition metal oxide nanoparticles - investigation by capillary electrophoresis.

The binding affinity of pharmaceutical hydrochlorides onto transition metal oxide nanoparticles (TMONPs) was investigated through a consecutive process of adsorption and desorption. Mexiletine (MEX) was chosen as a model pharmaceutical hydrochloride that bound onto TMONPs' surface through electrostatic interactions and coordination bonding. Response surface methodology was applied for their optimal separation by capillary electrophoresis to achieve accurate quantitation.

Noncanonical role of ALAS1 as a heme-independent inhibitor of small RNA-mediated silencing.

microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are 21- to 22-nucleotide RNAs that guide Argonaute-class effectors to targets for repression. In this work, we uncover 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1), the initiating enzyme for heme biosynthesis, as a general repressor of miRNA accumulation. Although heme is known to be a positive cofactor for the nuclear miRNA processing machinery, ALAS1-but not other heme biosynthesis enzymes-limits the assembly and activity of Argonaute complexes under heme-replete conditions.