External Ventricular Drain Misadministration Events: Systematic Literature Review and Report of a Case.

Background And Objectives: External ventricular drain (EVD) is a common neurosurgical procedure with potential complications, including catheter misplacement, infection, mechanical obstruction, and inadvertent catheter pull-out. A less discussed but critical complication is the misadministration of medications into EVD. This project aimed to review the literature on EVD misadministration and discuss preventative measures, emphasizing the new International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for neuraxial connectors.

Alternative oxidase affects ascorbate metabolism in plants under high-light conditions: possible links between respiratory electron transport pathways in mitochondria.

Some aspects of the relationship between ascorbate (Asc) metabolism and the functioning of mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) under moderately high light (MHL, 400 μmol m s) using mutant lines were studied. After 8 h of MHL in the antisense line (AS-12), decreasing the relative reduced Asc pool due to increased ascorbate peroxidase activity was accompanied by the accumulation of a pool of the other highly effective antioxidant - glutathione. In the vitamin C-deficient line (), expression and the Asc pool were expectedly low, and after 8 h of MHL, dehydroascorbate (DHA) content was increased, although slight activation of AOX and L-galacton-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase was detected.

Intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy during 5-aminolevulinic acid-guided glioma surgery: significant considerations for resection at the tumor margin.

Objective: Because gliomas have poorly defined tumor margins, the ability to achieve maximal resection is limited. To better discern these margins, fluorescence-guided surgery has been used to aid maximal safe resection. The authors describe their experience with the simultaneous use of intraoperative fluorescein sodium (FNa) confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and operating microscope 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence imaging for glioma resection to improve CLE use for better margin discrimination.

Intraoperative confocal endomicroscopy of the glioma margin: performance assessment of image interpretation by neurosurgeon users.

Objectives: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an intraoperative real-time cellular resolution imaging technology that images brain tumor histoarchitecture. Previously, we demonstrated that CLE images may be interpreted by neuropathologists to determine the presence of tumor infiltration at glioma margins. In this study, we assessed neurosurgeons' ability to interpret CLE images from glioma margins and compared their assessments to those of neuropathologists.