Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study.

Background: Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are investigating exposures of increasing complexity accounting for time since vaccination. These studies require methods that adjust for the confounding that arises when morbidities and demographics are associated with vaccination and the risk of outcome events. Methods based on propensity scores (PS) are well-suited to this when the exposure is dichotomous, but present challenges when the exposure is multinomial.

Autologous Fascia Nerve Wrap in a Rodent Primary Epineurial Repair Model and Preliminary Case Series.

Background: Nerve wraps composed of various autologous and bioengineered materials have been used to bolster nerve repair sites. In this study, we describe the novel use of autologous fascia nerve wraps (AFNW) as an adjunct to epineurial repair and evaluate their effect on inflammatory cytokine expression, intraneural collagen deposition and end-organ reinnervation in rats and use of AFNW in a patient case series.

Methods: Lewis rats received sciatic transection with repair either with or without AFNW, sciatic-to-common peroneal nerve transfer with or without AFNW, or sham surgery (n=14/group).

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged 60 years and older in the USA, October, 2023, to March, 2024: a test-negative design analysis.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines first recommended for use during 2023 were efficacious against lower respiratory tract disease in clinical trials. Limited real-world data regarding respiratory syncytial virus vaccine effectiveness are available. To inform vaccine policy and address gaps in evidence from the clinical trials, we aimed to assess the effectiveness against respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged at least 60 years.

Upper-Extremity Nerve Transfers for Sensation: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Sensory nerve transfers may be performed to restore protective sensation and tactile perception after peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity. There is a paucity of literature on the available donor-recipient configurations for sensory nerve transfers. This article presents a systematic review of reported sensory nerve transfers in the upper extremity.

Clinical Insights and Optimization of Surgical Approach for Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Injury/Entrapment: A Comprehensive Analysis of 184 Cases.

Background: Entrapment or injury of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) is being recognized with increasing frequency, often requiring a surgical approach to relieve symptoms. The presence of anatomic variations can lead to errors in diagnosis and intraoperative decision-making.

Methods: This study presents the experience of a single surgeon (T.