Automatic Vertical Root Fracture Detection on Intraoral Periapical Radiographs With Artificial Intelligence-Based Image Enhancement.

Background/aim: To explore transfer learning (TL) techniques for enhancing vertical root fracture (VRF) diagnosis accuracy and to assess the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on image enhancement for VRF detection on both extracted teeth images and intraoral images taken from patients.

Materials And Methods: A dataset of 378 intraoral periapical radiographs comprising 195 teeth with fractures and 183 teeth without fractures serving as controls was included. DenseNet, ConvNext, Inception121, and MobileNetV2 were employed with model fusion.

A Cross-Biomeasure Study to Optimize Antiretroviral Adherence Estimation.

Background: Incomplete adherence to daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) reduces effectiveness. Adherence biomeasures (i.e.

The Value of Multidisciplinary Neuro-oncological Tumor Boards to Increase the Accuracy of FET PET for Identifying Brain Tumor Relapse.

Purpose: Especially in Europe, amino acid PET is increasingly integrated into multidisciplinary neuro-oncological tumor boards (MNTBs) to overcome diagnostic uncertainties such as treatment-related changes. We evaluated the accuracy of MNTB decisions that included the O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) PET information compared with FET PET results alone to differentiate tumor relapse from treatment-related changes.

Patients And Methods: In a single academic center, we retrospectively evaluated 180 MNTB decisions of 151 patients with CNS WHO grade 3 or 4 gliomas (n = 122) or brain metastases (n = 29) presenting equivocal MRI findings following anticancer treatment.

Evaluation of the validity of a perfluorooctane sulfonic acid exposure reconstruction using a measured serum concentration among workers with a wide range of exposure.

Background: Studies among workers with a wide range of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances inform risk assessments. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, was recently examined in relation to mortality and cancer incidence in an occupationally exposed population by Alexander et al. in 2024.

The GIP receptor activates futile calcium cycling in white adipose tissue to increase energy expenditure and drive weight loss in mice.

Obesity is a chronic disease that contributes to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular risk. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) co-agonism provide an improved therapeutic profile in individuals with T2D and obesity when compared with selective GLP-1R agonism. Although the metabolic benefits of GLP-1R agonism are established, whether GIPR activation impacts weight loss through peripheral mechanisms is yet to be fully defined.