Ignition Delay Time Measurements of Substituted Phenol Additives in a Toluene Reference Fuel.

Using a rapid compression machine, fuel autoignition resistance can be quantified by the ignition delay time measurements of homogeneous mixtures. As the occurrence and intensity of knock in spark ignition engines are related to autoignition resistance, ignition delay time measurements give valuable insight into fundamental fuel combustion properties that can be used to predict undesirable combustion behavior. Therefore, the work presented in this paper aims to understand the autoignition resistance of a gasoline surrogate fuel and how it is affected by the addition of substituted phenol additives from ignition delay time measurements in a rapid compression machine.

Colloidal gold--a powerful tool in scanning electron microscope immunocytochemistry: an overview of bioapplications.

Colloidal gold may be conjugated to a wide variety of macromolecules, provides a versatile system for immunocytochemical studies by various types of microscopy (light and fluorescent microscopy, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy), and is significantly contributing to the development of SEM immunocytochemistry as a routine analytical procedure. A comprehensive overview has been compiled of the literature on SEM bioapplications of colloidal gold. This is illustrated through a selected series of studies focussing on a) cell surface receptor-ligand interactions; b) expression of cell surface lectin-binding sites; c) surface distribution of extracellular matrix components; and d) visualization of gold-labelled cytoskeletal elements with emphasis on the use of backscattered electron imaging as a powerful analytical adjunct in the development of SEM immunocytochemistry.

Silica fragments from millet bran in mucosa surrounding oesophageal tumours in patients in northern China.

Millet bran is a component of the diet in the area of highest oesophageal cancer incidence in northern China. Millet bran was found to contain up to 20% by weight of silica; some of this silica occurs as friable sheets or sharply-pointed fibres. These types of silica in millet bran are the most likely source of an unusual contamination with fragments of silica found in the oesophageal mucosa surrounding tumours in patients in northern China.

A fine fibrous silica contaminant of flour in the high oesophageal cancer area of north-east Iran.

We report here the discovery and characterization of a fibrous mineral contaminant of the diet in that area of north-east Iran where oesophageal cancer has a very high incidence. This contaminant has a smoothly tapering shape and is between 50 and 150 micrometers long. The greatest diameter is between 1 and 10 micrometers and this decreases to a sharply pointed tip with a radius of curvature of between 0.