Toxoplasmosis presenting as a swelling in the axillary tail of the breast and a palpable axillary lymph node mimicking malignancy: a case report.

Introduction: Lymphadenopathy is a common finding in toxoplasmosis. A breast mass due to toxoplasmosis is very rare, and only a few cases have been reported. We present a case of toxoplasmosis that presented as a swelling in the axillary tail of the breast with a palpable axillary lymph node which mimicked breast cancer.

The tissue renin-angiotensin system in human pancreas.

Evidence exists for the presence of a discrete tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in mouse and rat pancreas that is thought largely to be associated with the vasculature. To investigate this in the human pancreas, and to establish whether the cellular sites of RAS components include the islets of Langerhans, we used immunocytochemistry to localise the expression of angiotensin II (AT1) receptors and (pro)renin, and non-isotopic in situ hybridisation to localise transcription of the (pro)renin gene. Identification of cell types in the islets of Langerhans was achieved using antibodies to glucagon and insulin.

Transcription of the prorenin gene in normal and diseased breast.

The angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor is present in a wide variety of human and animal tissues, and is particularly abundant in epithelial cells. Because of this, and because it is known that tissue renin angiotensin systems (RASs) exist that have specific local functions, we investigated the expression and localisation of components of the RAS in normal and diseased breast tissue. Using a monoclonal antibody to the AT1 receptor, immunocytochemistry confirmed that the AT1 receptor was characteristically distributed in ductal epithelial cells in both normal and malignant tissue, and in most, although not all, cells in invasive tumours.

An audit of patient acceptance of one-stop diagnosis for symptomatic breast disease.

Aims: The impetus for optimizing outpatient provision of breast-care services has come both from the patient and management in order to reduce anxiety and make full use of scarce resources. The one-stop diagnostic clinic for the investigation of symptomatic breast lesions is a relatively recent concept with well-known service benefits. However, acceptance to the patient has not been previously investigated.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression in human breast tissues.

We demonstrate the expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors in normal and diseased human breast tissues. Using monoclonal antibody 6313/G2, directed against a specific sequence in the extracellular domain of the AT1 receptor, immunocytochemical analysis revealed positive immunoreactivity in membrane and cytoplasm of specific cell types. Immunoblotting of solubilized proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) from benign and malignant tumours identified a single immunoreactive species with a molecular mass of approximately 60 kDa, consistent with that of the mature glycosylated receptor.