Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8826 ameliorates inflammation of colon and skin in human APOC1 transgenic mice.

Genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including the gut microbiota, have been suggested as major factors in the development and progression of atopic dermatitis. Hyperlipidemic human APOC1(+/+) transgenic mice display many features of human atopic dermatitis, such as scaling, lichenification, excoriations, and pruritus, along with a disturbed skin barrier function. Cytokine analysis of serum shows an increase of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-6, and IL-1α, but lower levels of interferon-γ.

High mobility group box1 (HMGB1) in relation to cutaneous inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Summary: Photosensitivity is characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Upon ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, patients develop inflammatory skin lesions in the vicinity of sunburn cells (SBCs). High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released from apoptotic and activated cells and exerts inflammatory actions through ligation to its receptors.

Cytokine secretion is distinct from secretion of cytotoxic granules in NK cells.

NK cells are renowned for their ability to kill virally infected or transformed host cells by release of cytotoxic granules containing granzymes and perforin. NK cells also have important regulatory capabilities chiefly mediated by secretion of cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and TNF. The secretory pathway for the release of cytokines in NK cells is unknown.

Opsonization of late apoptotic cells by systemic lupus erythematosus autoantibodies inhibits their uptake via an Fcgamma receptor-dependent mechanism.

Objective: Decreased clearance of apoptotic cells is suggested to be a major pathogenic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the binding of SLE autoantibodies to apoptotic cells influences the phagocytosis of these cells by macrophages.

Methods: Apoptosis was induced in a human T cell line (Jurkat) and a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) by ultraviolet B irradiation.

Inflammatory clearance of apoptotic cells after UVB challenge.

In the human body, every day billions of apoptotic cells are produced. Removal of these cells is necessary, to prevent the release of intracellular toxic constituents, and occurs very effectively via phagocytosis by (semi)-professional phagocytes. This elimination process occurs rapidly and without inflammation.