Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of memory and frontal brain region in early multiple sclerosis.

In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been used to assess biochemical changes that occur in demyelinating lesions and in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels in MS patients may indicate neural viability. In early stages of MS, patients may suffer from slight cognitive impairment.

[Improving the visibility of intracranial vessels with the echo-enhancing substance Levovist in duplex sonography].

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic advantages of Levovist for contrast enhancement of intracranial arteries in a routine clinical setting.

Method: Routine cerebrovascular extracranial Doppler- and duplex-sonography was performed in 3990 patients (1791 female, 2189 male, mean age 50.4 years).