Psychologization in and through the women's movement: A transnational history of the psychologization of consciousness-raising in the German-speaking countries and the United States.

This study explores the psychologization of the women's movement by examining the activist practice of consciousness-raising in a transnational perspective. We follow the lines along which P/psychological concepts that were appropriated and developed by North American feminist activists during the late 1960s and early 1970s traveled to the German-speaking countries and were translated, adopted, and transformed by feminist activists in Germany and Austria. We explore both the process of psychologization as the practice traveled from the United States to German-speaking countries and the various dimensions of psychologization: diffusion of Psy-expert discourse beyond the borders of the psy-disciplines, academization, individualization, and meta-psychologization.

Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of spirocyclic σ(1) receptor ligands with exocyclic amino moiety (increased distance 1).

Various pharmacophore models for potent σ(1) ligands specify a basic amino group flanked by two different hydrophobic regions in defined distances to the basic amine (distance 1 and distance 2, respectively). According to these models distance 1 of the potent spirocyclic σ(1) ligand 1 is too short. In order to find a new class of more potent σ(1) ligands and to verify the distance hypothesis of the pharmacophore models spirocyclic compounds 2 with an exocyclic amino group were designed and synthesized.

Synthesis of 7,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.2]decanes as conformationally restricted κ receptor agonists: fine tuning of the dihedral angle of the ethylenediamine pharmacophore.

In order to slightly modify the orientation of the pharmacophoric structural elements of the potent κ agonists 7 and 8, the three-membered bridge of these compounds was enlarged to four carbon atoms. Reductive amination of the bicyclic ketone 11 with pyrrolidine and NaBH(OAc)3 provided the pyrrolidine 12 with excellent diastereoselectivity (>99:1). The diastereomeric pyrrolidine 24 was established by a stepwise strategy, involving an unselective nucleophilic substitution of the triflate 20 with NaN3 as key step.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of conformationally restricted σ(1) receptor ligands with 7,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.2]decane scaffold.

The key step in the synthesis of the 7,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.2]decane system was a modified Dieckmann condensation of piperazinebutyrate 11, which makes use of trapping the first cyclized intermediate with TMS-Cl.

Stereoselective synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of bicyclic kappa receptor agonists.

Reductive amination of the bicyclic ketone 4 led diastereoselectively to endo-configured amines, which were transformed into the amides 7-10. The synthesis of the diastereomers 25 with an exo-configured amino moiety at position 6 was only successful after deactivation of both N-atoms of the 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.