Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes.

Archaeological and archaeogenetic evidence points to the Pontic-Caspian steppe zone between the Caucasus and the Black Sea as the crucible from which the earliest steppe pastoralist societies arose and spread, ultimately influencing populations from Europe to Inner Asia. However, little is known about their economic foundations and the factors that may have contributed to their extensive mobility. Here, we investigate dietary proteins within the dental calculus proteomes of 45 individuals spanning the Neolithic to Greco-Roman periods in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe and neighbouring South Caucasus, Oka-Volga-Don and East Urals regions.

Protective Effects of Adenosine Receptor Agonist in a Cirrhotic Liver Resection Model.

Objectives: To investigate the role of CGS21680, a selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, on a bile-duct-ligated cirrhotic liver resection model in rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were allotted into 3 groups (n = 7 per time-point): the control group, the bile duct ligation + CGS21680 group (BDL + CGS), and the bile duct ligation group (BDL). Biliary cirrhosis had been previously induced by ligature of the common bile duct in the BDL + CGS and BDL groups.

Model for end-stage liver disease score in the first 3 weeks after liver transplantation as a predictor for long-term outcome.

Background: Early allograft dysfunction after liver transplantation (LTX) is not well defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of early post-transplant model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores for predicting long-term outcome after transplantation.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, 362 consecutive patients after LTX were included.

Augmenter of liver regeneration attenuates inflammatory response in the postischemic mouse liver in vivo.

Background: Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR), a protein synthesized in the liver is suggested to be protective against oxidative stress-induced cell death. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is triggered by reactive oxygen species. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ALR attenuates hepatic I/R injury in vivo.