The reducing end of cell wall oligosaccharides is critical for DAMP activity in Arabidopsis thaliana and can be exploited by oligosaccharide oxidases in the reduction of oxidized phenolics.

The enzymatic hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides results in the production of oligosaccharides with nature of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are perceived by plants as danger signals. The in vitro oxidation of oligogalacturonides and cellodextrins by plant FAD-dependent oligosaccharide-oxidases (OSOXs) suppresses their elicitor activity in vivo, suggesting a protective role of OSOXs against a prolonged activation of defense responses potentially deleterious for plant health. However, OSOXs are also produced by phytopathogens and saprotrophs, complicating the understanding of their role in plant-microbe interactions.

Correction: New insights on Celtic migration in Hungary and Italy through the analysis of non-metric dental traits.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Comparative Analysis of Prosthetic (Touch) and Arthroplastic Surgeries for Trapeziometacarpal Arthrosis: Functional Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction With a 2-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: Trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint prosthesis poses its own challenges for the treatment of TMC arthrosis, especially when compared with the present gold standard, arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to highlight possible outcome differences and patients' satisfaction regarding the treatment of TMC arthrosis.

Methods: We evaluated 100 patients with TMC arthrosis treated in two centers and divided into two groups: group A received TMC prosthesis (Touch), whereas group B was treated with arthroplasty, with a 2-year follow-up period.

Machine Learning Analysis in Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging for Discriminating Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors: A Repeatability and Accuracy Pilot Study.

: Differentiating pediatric posterior fossa (PF) tumors such as medulloblastoma (MB), ependymoma (EP), and pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) remains relevant, because of important treatment and prognostic implications. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) has not yet been investigated for discrimination of pediatric PF tumors. Estimating diffusion values from whole-tumor-based (VOI) segmentations may improve diffusion measurement repeatability compared to conventional region-of-interest (ROI) approaches.

Morphological and morphometric study of the hominin dental casts from Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C (Apulia, southern Italy).

Objectives: Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C (Apulia, southern Italy) is a pivotal site for investigating the evolution of the Middle Paleolithic and the earliest phases of the Upper Paleolithic in southern Italy, as the extensive stratigraphic record of this site includes a thick Mousterian sequence followed by the Uluzzian. Here, we investigate the taxonomic affinity of seven unpublished deciduous human teeth retrieved from the site of Uluzzo C in 1960.

Materials And Methods: The teeth are represented by seven plaster dental casts, which are housed at the Museo Civico di Paleontologia e Paletnologia in Maglie (Lecce, Apulia).