Cross-cultural validation into Portuguese of a questionnaire to assess computer vision syndrome in workers exposed to digital devices.

Purpose: As digital devices are increasingly used at work, valid and reliable tools are needed to assess their effect on visual health. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q©) into Portuguese.

Methods: A 5-phase process was followed: direct translation, synthesis of translation, back-translation, consolidation by an expert committee, and pretest.

Using a video-based eye tracker to analyse the binocular near-reflex dynamics response.

Purpose: This study presents a novel video-based eye-tracking system for analysing the dynamics of the binocular near-reflex response. The system enables the simultaneous measurement of convergence, divergence and pupillary size during accommodation and disaccommodation to aid the comprehensive understanding of the three-component near-reflex.

Methods: A high-speed (90 Hz) video-based eye tracker was used to capture changes in eye gaze and pupil radius in 15 participants in response to altering stimulus conditions.

Accurate physics-based digital reproduction of effect coatings.

We built an improved 3D rendering framework to accurately visualize the complete appearance of effect coatings, including metallic effects, sparkle and iridescence. Spectral reflectance measurements and sparkle indexes from a commercially available multi-angle spectrophotometer (BYKmac-i) were used together with physics-based approaches, such as flake-based reflectance models, to implement efficiently the appearance reproduction from a small number of bidirectional measurement geometries. With this rendering framework, we rendered a series of effect coating samples on an iPad display, simulating how these samples would be viewed inside a Byko-spectra effect light booth.

Preliminary measurement scales for sparkle and graininess.

Large effect pigments, widely used in various fields of industrial applications, produce characteristic visual textures known as sparkle and graininess, which need to be quantified by objective or subjective methods. The development of preliminary measurement scales for sparkle and graininess, whose recommendation is now under discussion in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), is described in this article. These scales are absolute, linear and traceable to standards of optical radiation metrology.

Visual validation of the appearance of chromatic objects rendered from spectrophotometric measurements.

We validate a physically based and spectral rendering framework with improved color reproduction. With a recently developed model, we take into account both the colorimetric specifications of the rendering display as well as the spectral and angular characteristics of lighting and also the spectral reflectance of the objects. Therefore, it should provide much better color reproduction than those based on the common standard red, green, blue (sRGB) color space.