The Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Late-Onset Sepsis during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sweden: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Introduction: The effect of the pandemic restrictions in the NICUs is not well studied. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is characterized by intestinal inflammation and bacterial invasion. This study aimed to investigate whether the incidence of NEC has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden and whether it was associated with a change in the frequency of extremely preterm births.

Clinical usefulness of splanchnic oxygenation in predicting necrotizing enterocolitis in extremely preterm infants: a cohort study.

Background: Impaired intestinal microcirculation seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A previous study showed that a SrSO < 30% is associated with an increased risk of developing of NEC. We aimed to determine the clinical usefulness of the cut off < 30% for SrSO in predicting NEC in extremely preterm neonates.

Transition of Extremely Preterm Infants from Birth to Stable Breathing: A Secondary Analysis of the CORSAD Trial.

Objective: Exploratory secondary analysis of the CORSAD trial compared a new resuscitation system (rPAP) to the standard T-piece system. This analysis focused on the subgroup of infants who were not intubated in the delivery room. The aim was to compare the use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (PPV), oxygen saturation, and Apgar scores for the two resuscitation systems during the 30-min intervention period.

Respiratory outcomes after delivery room stabilisation with a new respiratory support system using nasal prongs.

Aim: To study if stabilisation using a new respiratory support system with nasal prongs compared to T-piece with a face mask is associated with less need for mechanical ventilation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Methods: A single-centre follow-up study of neonates born <28 weeks gestation at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm included in the multicentre Comparison of Respiratory Support after Delivery (CORSAD) trial and randomised to initial respiratory support with the new system versus T-piece. Data on respiratory support, neonatal morbidities and mortality were collected up to 36 weeks post-menstrual age.

Remote ischemic conditioning in necrotizing enterocolitis: study protocol of a multi-center phase II feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a maneuver involving brief cycles of ischemia reperfusion in an individual's limb. In the early stage of experimental NEC, RIC decreased intestinal injury and prolonged survival by counteracting the derangements in intestinal microcirculation. A single-center phase I study demonstrated that the performance of RIC was safe in neonates with NEC.