Cloning a Chloroplast Genome in and .

Chloroplast genomes present an alternative strategy for large-scale engineering of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Prior to our work, the chloroplast genomes of (204 kb) and (140 kb) had been cloned using bacterial and yeast artificial chromosome (BAC/YAC) libraries, respectively. These methods lack design flexibility as they are reliant upon the random capture of genomic fragments during BAC/YAC library creation; additionally, both demonstrated a low efficiency (≤ 10%) for correct assembly of the genome in yeast.

Retinal Vessels Whitening in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: To characterize retinal vessel whitening (RVW) in Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: Single-center cross-sectional study. Review of clinical notes of clinically confirmed RP patients was performed followed by grading ultra-widefield imaging.

Effect of condensed heat acclimation on thermophysiological adaptations, hypoxic cross-tolerance, exercise performance and de-acclimation.

Short duration heat acclimation (HA) (≤5 daily heat exposures) elicits incomplete adaptation compared to longer interventions, possibly due to the lower accumulated thermal 'dose'. It is unknown if matching thermal 'dose' over a shorter timescale elicits comparable adaptation to a longer intervention. Using a parallel-groups design, we compared: i) 'condensed' HA (CHA; =17 males) consisting of 4×75 min∙day heat exposures (target rectal temperature ()=38.

Barriers to accessing mental health resources as perceived by surgical compared to medical trainees.

Introduction: Despite myriad wellness programs, training demands restrict resident access. This study aimed to evaluate barriers to accessing mental health resources(MHR) and determine if differences exist between medical(MT) and surgical trainees(ST).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in one health system assessing awareness of and barriers to accessing MHR.

Barriers to orthodox medical care of prostate cancer in Ghana.

Traditional medicine is widely used in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ghana, where it is commonly integrated with modern orthodox medicine. This study examines the barriers that delay the pursuit of orthodox medical care for prostate cancer (PCa) in Ghana's Central region, where a blend of traditional and modern orthodox medicine exists. The preference for indigenous traditional medicine often results in late-stage presentations of PCa, adversely affecting patient outcomes.