Curtailing virus-induced inflammation in respiratory infections: emerging strategies for therapeutic interventions.

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are the most common illnesses worldwide. In some instances, mild cases of ARVI progress to hyperinflammatory responses, which are damaging to pulmonary tissue and requiring intensive care. Here we summarize available information on preclinical and clinical effects of XC221GI (1-[2-(1-methyl imidazole-4-yl)-ethyl]perhydroazin-2,6-dione), an oral drug with a favorable safety profile that has been tested in animal models of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, highly pathogenic coronavirus strains and other acute viral upper respiratory infections.

Effect of Tilorone on the Dynamics of Viral Load and the Levels of Interferons and Interleukin-1β in the Lung Tissue and Blood Serum of Mice with Experimental Influenza.

We studied the effect of tilorone on the dynamics of IFNα, IFNγ, and IL-1β levels in the lung tissue and blood serum in relation to viral load in the lungs of BALB/c mice with pneumonia caused by influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2). Tilorone was administered per os in doses of 40, 150, and 540 μg per mouse 6, 30, and 78 h postinfection, which simulated the drug regimen used in the clinic for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in Russia and post-Soviet countries. Tilorone reduced viral load with the maximum amplitude (2-3 lg) after 1-2 administrations.

A Simple Way for the Preparation of Natural Antioxidant Quercetin from Rutin by Subcritical Water.

Context: Quercetin (QR) is a natural strong antioxidant of the plant origins. It is used for treating conditions of heart and blood vessels including "hardening of arteries" (atherosclerosis), high cholesterol, heart disease, circulation problems, preventing cancer, for treating chronic infections of the prostate, etc.

Aims: The aim of this work was to development and study of an acid-free technique for the preparation of QR from rutin (RT) that requires no use of acids and toxic organic solvents.

Study of an Acid-Free Technique for the Preparation of Glycyrrhetinic Acid from Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate in Subcritical Water.

The aim of this work was to study an application of a previously developed expedient acid-free technique for the preparation of glycyrrhetinic acid from ammonium glycyrrhizinate that requires no use of acids and toxic organic solvents. Subcritical water that serves as a reactant and a solvent was used in order to obtain glycyrrhetinic acid in good yields starting from ammonium glycyrrhizinate. It has been shown that variation of only one parameter of the process (temperature) allows alteration to thecomposition of the hydrolysis products.

Study of molecular complexation of glycyrrhizic acid with chloramphenicol by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Context: Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a triterpene glycoside representing the main active component of licorice root extract obtained from plants of the Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and widely used as a complex-forming agent for the synthesis of new transport forms of the well-known drugs.

Aims: For the first time, the complexation of GA with chloramphenicol antibiotic (ChlA) was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS).