Twenty-five years after Chernobyl: outcome of radioiodine treatment in children and adolescents with very high-risk radiation-induced differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Context: After severe reactor emergencies with release of radioactive iodine, elevated thyroid cancer risk in children and adolescents is considered the main health consequence for the population exposed.

Design: We studied thyroid cancer outcome after 11.3 years' median follow-up in a selected, very high-risk cohort, 234 Chernobyl-exposed Belarusian children and adolescents undergoing postsurgical radioiodine therapy (RIT) in Germany.

Technology of creation of an expert system for diagnosing thyroid pathology based on a set of qualitative signs of cell atypia.

An expert system for differential diagnosis of thyroid pathology has been developed, in which the function of transforming qualitative signs of cell atypia into the quantitative form is realized. It based on the set of qualitative signs of cell atypia and works in the mode by the question-answer principle. An expert system (software) contained the X-matrix and six standard S-matrices.

[Role of primary morphological diagnosis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid].

The role of either pre- or intraoperative detection of thyroid cancer for estimating extent of surgery is not important unless malignancy of neoplasm can be established before postoperative stage. Primary morphological diagnosis may be affected by numerous subjective and objective factors. Yet repeat operation can be avoided if puncture biopsy, imprint smears and scarification alongside standard methods of evaluation of frozen sections are used in a complex.

Comparative morphometric analysis of thyrocytes in a primary tumor and regional metastases in papillary thyroid gland cancer.

Objective: To perform a comparative analysis of thyrocyte nuclei and the aggregability degree in tumor cells in the thyroid gland with papillary cancer and in cervical lymph nodes with metastases.

Study Design: Thyrocytes in papillary cancer and those of cervical lymph nodes with its metastasis have been studied with the help of morphometry.

Results: As a result of mathematical transformation of the initial morphometric database, quantitative features of thyrocyte nuclei and aggregates characterizing the norm, papillary cancer and regional metastases were obtained.

Morphologic characteristics of Chernobyl-related childhood papillary thyroid carcinomas are independent of radiation exposure but vary with iodine intake.

Background: The Chernobyl accident caused an unprecedented increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) incidence with a surprisingly short latency and unusual morphology. We have investigated whether unexpected features of the PTC incidence after Chernobyl were radiation specific or influenced by iodine deficiency.

Methods: PTCs from children from Belarus, Ukraine, and the Russian Federation exposed to fallout from Chernobyl were compared with PTCs from children not exposed to radiation from the same countries, from England and Wales (E&W) and from Japan.