Examining the learning curves in robotic cardiac surgery wet lab simulation training.

Background: Simulation-based training has gained distinction in cardiothoracic surgery as robotic-assisted cardiac procedures evolve. Despite the increasing use of wet lab simulators, the effectiveness of these training methods and skill acquisition rates remain poorly understood.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare learning curves and assess the robotic cardiac surgical skill acquisition rate for cardiac and noncardiac surgeons who had no robotic experience in a wet lab simulation setting.

Diagnostic and Predictive immunocytochemistry in Head Neck lesions.

The application of immunocytochemistry (ICC), as a diagnostic and predictive tool in the workup of head and neck lesions has followed the changes and progresses in the surgical pathology evaluation. The contribution of ICC has shown a significant role in the head and neck cytology, demonstrating as its contribution can support the diagnosis in many lesions. Furthermore, its role has been evolving as an important asjuvant tool in targeted therapies.

Future of left atrial appendage interventions.

Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO), currently recognized as a procedure with relatively low risk, is increasingly being adopted in clinical practice. However, due to the preventive nature of the procedure and the necessity to compare it with newer and safer oral anticoagulants, further optimization is required to address remaining challenges. These latter include acquiring comprehensive data on safety and efficacy, establishing standardized pre-procedural planning, and simplifying procedural process.