The True Cost of Late Presentation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A 5-Year Follow-up Study.

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most prevalent pediatric spinal condition. During growth, moderate scoliosis is treated with a brace to minimize the risk of progression to the surgical range. However, a minority of patients meet brace indications, with a greater number presenting late, already appropriate for surgery.

Gut microbiome shifts in adolescents after sleeve gastrectomy with increased oral-associated taxa and pro-inflammatory potential.

Bariatric surgery is highly effective in achieving weight loss in children and adolescents with severe obesity, however the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, and gut microbiome changes are unknown. Here, we show that adolescents exhibit significant gut microbiome and metabolome shifts several months after laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), with increased alpha diversity and notably with enrichment of oral-associated taxa. To assess causality of the microbiome/metabolome changes in phenotype, pre-VSG and post-VSG stool was transplanted into germ-free mice.

Clinical considerations in the management of obesity in children and adolescents.

Background: Obesity is a complex, chronic disease affecting more than one-fifth of adolescent children aged 12-19 years in the United States. Recent guidelines have recommended optimization of diagnosis and treatment approaches to help improve the immediate and long-term health of people with obesity.

Methods: Here, we describe the insights and recommendations of 9 nationally recognized experts in pediatric obesity, summarized from a virtual advisory board discussion.

The GD-1 Stellar Stream Perturber as a Core-collapsed Self-interacting Dark Matter Halo.

The GD-1 stellar stream exhibits spur and gap structures that may result from a close encounter with a dense substructure. When interpreted as a dark matter subhalo, the perturber is denser than predicted in the standard cold dark matter (CDM) model. In self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), however, a halo could evolve into a phase of gravothermal collapse, resulting in a higher central density than its CDM counterpart.