IUPHAR themed review: The gut microbiome in schizophrenia.

Gut microbial dysbiosis or altered gut microbial consortium, in schizophrenia suggests a pathogenic role through the gut-brain axis, influencing neuroinflammatory and neurotransmitter pathways critical to psychotic, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Paradoxically, conventional psychotropic interventions may exacerbate this dysbiosis, with antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, demonstrating profound effects on microbial architecture through disruption of bacterial phyla ratios, diminished taxonomic diversity, and attenuated short-chain fatty acid synthesis. To address these challenges, novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, encompassing probiotic supplementation, prebiotic compounds, faecal microbiota transplantation, and rationalised co-pharmacotherapy, show promise in attenuating antipsychotic-induced metabolic disruptions while enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Wolfram-silicone implants as effective radiation shielding for ocular brachytherapy: dosimetric features and in vivo animal study on biocompatibility.

Objective: To evaluate wolfram as a photon and beta absorber in the management of uveal melanoma with radiotherapy, examining its potential ocular adverse effects and physiologic tolerance using an in vivo rabbit ocular model.

Methods: A method of manufacturing implants from mixtures of wolfram and silicone was developed. Their shielding effect on the radiation of sources used in ocular brachytherapy was investigated by dosimetric measurement in an eye phantom as well as numerical simulations.

Prognostic factors for surgical treatment of radiation-induced scleral necrosis after brachytherapy for uveal melanoma.

Purpose: Radiation-induced scleral necrosis (RISN) is a less frequent complication of brachytherapy for uveal melanoma, and may require surgical treatment in selected cases. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors for RISN treatment.

Methods: All patients with brachytherapy for uveal melanoma treated at our institution between 01/1999 and 12/2016 who developed RISN were followed until 02/2021.

Surgical Outcome After Treatment of Radiation-Induced Scleral Necrosis in Patients With Uveal Melanoma.

Purpose: Surgical repair might be required in patients with uveal melanoma (UM) that develop advanced forms of radiation-induced scleral necrosis (RISN). In this monocentric long-term observational study, we aimed at analyzing the treatment outcome after RISN surgery.

Methods: All consecutive cases with UM who underwent surgical intervention for RISN between 1999 and 2020 were included.

Mouse Behavior on the Trial-Unique Nonmatching-to-Location (TUNL) Touchscreen Task Reflects a Mixture of Distinct Working Memory Codes and Response Biases.

The trial-unique nonmatching to location (TUNL) touchscreen task shows promise as a translational assay of working memory (WM) deficits in rodent models of autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia. However, the low-level neurocognitive processes that drive behavior in the TUNL task have not been fully elucidated. In particular, it is commonly assumed that the TUNL task predominantly measures spatial WM dependent on hippocampal pattern separation, but this proposition has not previously been tested.