Publications by authors named "E N Ngugi"
Background: Identifying determinants of longitudinal HIV viral load (VL) trajectories using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) can inform clinical strategies and mechanisms of nonadherence among children.
Methods: Children under 12 months old who were newly diagnosed with HIV were enrolled in the Optimizing Pediatric HIV therapy cohort (NCT00428116) from 2007 to 2010. Children initiated antiretroviral therapy at enrollment, and VL was assessed every 3 months for 24 months post-antiretroviral therapy and every 6 months thereafter up to 8 years old.
Objectives: Children with HIV may experience adverse neurocognitive outcomes despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is common in children with HIV. Among children on ART, we examined the influences of early HIV viral load and CMV DNA on neurocognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: HIV low-level viremia (LLV) (51-999 copies/mL) can progress to treatment failure and increase potential for drug resistance. We analyzed retrospective longitudinal data from people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Kenya to understand LLV prevalence and virologic outcomes.
Methods: We calculated rates of virologic suppression (≤50 copies/mL), LLV (51-999 copies/mL), virologic non-suppression (≥1000 copies/mL), and virologic failure (≥2 consecutive virologic non-suppression results) among PLHIV aged 15 years and older who received at least 24 weeks of ART during 2015-2021.
Objective: We determined predictors of both intact (estimate of replication-competent) and total (intact and defective) HIV DNA in the reservoir among children with HIV.
Design: HIV DNA in the reservoir was quantified longitudinally in children who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) at less than 1 year of age using a novel cross-subtype intact proviral DNA assay that measures both intact and total proviruses. Quantitative PCR was used to measure pre-ART cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load.
Article Synopsis
- - The study utilized data from the 2018 Kenya Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (KENPHIA) to estimate pediatric HIV prevalence and assess factors related to infection among children under 15 years in Kenya.
- - Of the 9,072 participants, only 57 children tested positive for HIV, resulting in a prevalence rate of 0.7%, which translates to an estimated 138,900 HIV-positive children in the country.
- - Findings indicated that being orphaned or having a caregiver unaware of their child's HIV status significantly increased the odds of infection, with many HIV-positive children lacking access to treatment and viral suppression.