Toll-Like Receptor Genes and Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in People Infected with HIV-1.

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of genetic factors, i.e., the level of expression and polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors (TLR), to the susceptibility of latent tuberculosis infection in a Russian cohort of individuals infected with HIV.

Association of Toll-Like Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Tuberculosis in HIV-Positive Participants.

Genetic factors in the HIV-background may play a significant role in the susceptibility to secondary diseases, like tuberculosis, which is the leading cause in mortality of HIV-positive people. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are considered to be receptors for adaptive immunity, and polymorphisms in TLR genes can influence the activity of the immune response to infection. We conducted a case-control study of the association of TLR gene polymorphisms with the risk of tuberculosis coinfection in a multi-country sample of HIV-positive participants.

Endometriosis in Adolescents: Diagnostics, Clinical and Laparoscopic Features.

Background: The early diagnosis of endometriosis in adolescents is not developed.

Objective: We aim to conduct clinical, imaging, laparoscopic and histological analyses of peritoneal endometriosis (PE) in adolescents in order to improve early diagnosis.

Methods: In total, 134 girls (from menarche to 17 years old) were included in a case-control study: 90 with laparoscopically (LS) confirmed PE, 44 healthy controls underwent full examination and LS was analyzed in the PE group.

[Magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis of chronic endometritis: capacities and methodic features].

By examining 83 females aged 17-48 years by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the authors conclude that the specificity and sensitivity of the technique without MR contrast agents in detecting chronic endometritis (CE) and chronic metroendometritis (CME) are 75.3 and 95.9%, respectively.