Publications by authors named "E N Janoff"
Background & Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic manifestation of dysregulated immune response to the gut microbiota in genetically predisposed hosts. Nearly half of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) develop selective serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G response to flagellin proteins expressed by bacteria in the Lachnospiraceae family. This study aimed to identify the binding epitopes of these IgG antibodies and assess their relevance in CD and in homeostasis.
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- Cryptococcal meningitis is a significant cause of mortality in individuals with late-stage HIV, and the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune responses and leukocyte infiltration's impact on survival is being studied.
- A study involving 401 adults in Uganda showed that those with a higher CSF leukocyte count (≥50/μL) had a 68% survival rate at 18 weeks, compared to 52% for those with lower counts, indicating that immune response is critical for survival.
- Increased survival correlates with elevated levels of specific immune markers, including T helper cytokines and certain chemokines, suggesting that a robust immune response in CSF is vital for improving outcomes in patients with HIV
Background: The substantial risk for respiratory and invasive infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) among people with HIV-1 (PWH) begins with asymptomatic colonization. The frequency of Spn colonization among US adults with and without HIV-1 infection is not well characterized in the conjugate vaccine era.
Methods: We determined Spn colonization frequency by culture and specific lytA gene quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microbiota profile by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) DNA from 138 PWH and 93 control adults and associated clinical characteristics.
Article Synopsis
- Survival rates for women with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis are lower than for men, despite the use of antifungal drugs, highlighting gender disparities in treatment outcomes.
- Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed different neuroimmune signatures between survivors and non-survivors, with specific cytokines and chemokines indicating potential pathways for tailored therapies.
- The study found that female survivors had elevated levels of key chemokines and cytokines compared to those who died, while male survivors showed different immune profile changes, suggesting the need for gender-based approaches in treatment.
Survival among people with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains low, exceptionally among women with the increased threat of death on current optimal use of antifungal drugs. dissemination into the central nervous system (CNS) prompts a neuroimmune reaction to activate pathogen concomitant factors. However, no consistent diagnostic or prognostic immune-mediated signature is reported to underpin the risk of death or mechanism to improve treatment or survival.
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