Alterations in the Rice Coleoptile Metabolome During Elongation Under Submergence Stress.

Plants known as obligate aerobes developed different mechanisms to overcome the damage incurred under oxygen limitation. One of the survival strategies to have commonly appeared in hydrophytic plants is the escape strategy, which accelerates plant axial organs' growth in order to escape hypoxic conditions as soon as possible. The present study aimed to distinguish the alterations in coleoptile elongation, viability and metabolic profiles in coleoptiles of slow- and fast-growing rice varieties.

From Division to Death: Metabolomic Analysis of BY-2 Cells Reveals the Complexity of Life in Batch Culture.

Tobacco BY-2 cell culture is one of the most widely used models in plant biology. The main advantage of BY-2 suspension cultures is the synchronization of cell development and the appearance of polar elongation. In batch culture, BY-2 cells passed through the lag, proliferation, elongation, and stationary phases.

Functionalization of monolithic MOF thin films with hydrocarbon chains to achieve superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable water adhesion strength.

While the accessible pores render an enormous variety of functionalities to the bulk of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the outer surfaces exposed by these crystalline materials also offer unique characteristics not available when using conventional substrates. By grafting hydrocarbon chains to well-defined MOF thin films (SURMOFs) prepared using layer-by-layer methods, we were able to fabricate superhydrophobic substrates with static water contact angles over 160°. A detailed theoretical modelling of the hydrocarbon chains grafted on the outer SURMOF surface with well-defined spacing between anchoring points reveals that the grafted hydrocarbon chains behave similarly to polymer brushes during wetting, where conformational entropy is traded with mixing entropy.