Chemokine expression profile of an innate granuloma.

Granulomas are defined by the presence of organized layers of immune cells that include macrophages. Granulomas are often characterized as a way for the immune system to contain an infection and prevent its dissemination. We recently established a mouse infection model where induces the innate immune system to form granulomas in the liver.

Design and application of inclined tensioned steel cantilevered scaffolding.

In order to reduce the cost of scaffolding usage in engineering projects as much as possible under the premise of safety and rationality, while avoiding the risk of leakage caused by holes left in the building structure by the scaffolding, a type of inclined tensioned steel cantilevered scaffolding is proposed based on the stress characteristics of traditional cantilevered scaffolding. Considering the actual construction characteristics, a comprehensive approach involving theoretical analysis, on-site field tests, and finite element methods is adopted to clarify the full-process design method of the inclined tensioned steel cantilevered scaffolding. Additionally, recommendations are provided for the practical engineering design and application of the inclined tensioned steel cantilevered scaffolding.

The story behind the emergence of different forms of cell death.

Various types of cell death program are needed for cells to respond to changes in physiological conditions. In this collection of Voices, we asked scientists to tell the story behind their contributions to the identification and mechanistic dissection of cell death pathways and to discuss future directions for such research.