Anatomical Variations of the Cystic Artery and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Persisting Surgical Challenge.

Although elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common surgical procedure, it can become challenging due to multiple variants of the anatomy of both cystic artery and cystic bile duct. A 52-year-old male with a history of symptomatic cholelithiasis underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During preparation of the Calot's triangle in order to achieve the "critical view of safety", an uncommon variation of the arterial anatomy was detected.

Anti-osteoporotic treatments in the era of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: friend or foe.

Over the last years non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grown into the most common chronic liver disease globally, affecting 17-38% of the general population and 50-75% of patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, ranging from simple steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver, NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, MASH) to fibrosis and cirrhosis with liver failure or/and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to its increasing prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality, the disease-related and broader socioeconomic burden of NAFLD is substantial.

Pheochromocytoma: a changing perspective and current concepts.

This article aims to review current concepts in diagnosing and managing pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). Personalized genetic testing is vital, as 40-60% of tumors are linked to a known mutation. Tumor DNA should be sampled first.

Calcitonin: current concepts and differential diagnosis.

Calcitonin (CT) is most effectively produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. It acts through the calcitonin receptor (CTR), a seven-transmembrane class II G-protein-coupled receptor linked to multiple signal transduction pathways with its main secretagogues being calcium and gastrin. It is clinically used mostly in the diagnosis and follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Non-stenting treatment versus endoscopic stent placement in staple line leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Purpose: Presentation of results of non-stenting treatment versus endoscopic stenting placement in gastric staple leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Methods: Between January 2007 and August 2020, 1371 eligible patients underwent LSG. After gastric leak detection, patients were classified into treatment groups A (endoscopic stent placement) and B (non-stenting management).