Exploiting a Rose Bengal-bearing, oxygen-producing nanoparticle for SDT and associated immune-mediated therapeutic effects in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging stimulus-responsive approach for the targeted treatment of solid tumours. However, its ability to generate stimulus-responsive cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), is compromised by tumour hypoxia. Here we describe a robust means of preparing a pH-sensitive polymethacrylate-coated CaO nanoparticle that is capable of transiently alleviating tumour hypoxia.

The effect of the speed and range of motion of movement on the hyperemic response to passive leg movement.

Passive leg movement (PLM)-induced hyperemia is used to assess the function of the vascular endothelium. This study sought to determine the impact of movement speed and range of motion (ROM) on the hyperemic response to PLM and determine if the currently recommended protocol of moving the leg through a 90° ROM at 180°/sec provides a peak hyperemic response to PLM. 11 healthy adults underwent multiple bouts of PLM, in which either movement speed (60-240°/sec) or ROM (30-120° knee flexion) were varied.

Occurrence of the large ostracod, (Baird, 1862), in temporary waters of Montserrat, Lesser Antilles.

Four populations of the large freshwater ostracod, (Baird, 1862), were discovered on the Caribbean island of Montserrat. These are the first records of the species on Montserrat and extend its known distribution approximately 113 km northwest and 63 km southeast of the closest known populations on Îles des Saintes (Guadeloupe) and Nevis, respectively. We provide the first DNA barcode for , a 686 bp fragment of the COI gene which may be used for future comparative studies of this widely distributed species.

A new record of the freshwater polychaete Namanereis hummelincki (Polychaeta: Nereididae) from epigean waters of Montserrat.

The presence of the freshwater polychaete, Namanereis hummelincki (Augener), on Montserrat is documented for the first time. Although collected in the sediment of a freshwater stream, this subterranean species most likely lives in groundwater aquifers. A mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence obtained from this material supports assignment to the genus Namanereis Chamberlin, and morphological analysis supports identification as N.

Metazoans in extreme environments: adaptations of hydrothermal vent and hydrocarbon seep fauna.

Some of the most extreme environments where animals survive are associated with active vents and seeps in the deep sea. In addition to the extreme pressure, low temperatures, and lack of light that characterize the deep sea in general, a variety of other factors that are hostile to most animals prevail in these environments. Hydrothermal vent regions show extremes in temperature, areas of very low oxygen, and the presence of toxic hydrogen sulfide and heavy metals.